APA researcher explodes myth: Gays aren’t ‘born that way’

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii.科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0017
作者Fr. Mark Hodges
題目APA researcher explodes myth: Gays aren’t ‘born that way’
日期20160922
簡介The American Psychological Association Handbook of Sexuality and Psychology describes sexual orientation as ‘fluid’ and changeable. A top researcher with the American Psychological Association (APA) and lesbian activist has acknowledged that gays are not “born that way.”
關鍵詞U.S., APA, Sexual orientation, Fluid, Changeable
來源LIFESITE
連結https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/psychology-researcher-lesbian-blows-the-doors-off-born-gay-theory/

Sexual Orientation in a U.S. National Sample of Twin and Nontwin Sibling Pairs

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0016
作者Kenneth S. Kendler, Laura M. Thornton, Stephen E. Gilman, and Ronald C. Kessler
題目Sexual Orientation in a U.S. National Sample of Twin and Nontwin Sibling Pairs
日期20001101
簡介Although previous studies have suggested that sexual orientation is influenced by familial factors, which may be partly genetic, these studies have relied on unrepresentative and potentially biased samples. The authors attempted to estimate the role of genetic and environmental factors in the determination of sexual orientation in a more representative sample. 
關鍵詞Sexual Orientation, Genetic factors, Environmental factors, Twin pairs, Nontwin sibling pairs
來源The American Journal of Psychiatry
連結https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1843?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0015
作者Alan R. Sanders, Gary W. Beecham, Shengru Guo, Khytam Dawood, Gerulf Rieger, Judith A. Badner, Elliot S. Gershon, Ritesha S. Krishnappa, Alana B. Kolundzija, Jubao Duan, MGS Collaboration, Pablo V. Gejman, J. Michael Bailey & Eden R. Martin
題目Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation
日期20171207
簡介Family and twin studies suggest that genes play a role in male sexual orientation. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of male sexual orientation on a primarily European ancestry sample of 1,077 homosexual men and 1,231 heterosexual men using Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. We identified several SNPs with p < 10−5, including regions of multiple supporting SNPs on chromosomes 13 (minimum p = 7.5 × 10−7) and 14 (p = 4.7 × 10−7). The genes nearest to these peaks have functions plausibly relevant to the development of sexual orientation. On chromosome 13, SLITRK6 is a neurodevelopmental gene mostly expressed in the diencephalon, which contains a region previously reported as differing in size in men by sexual orientation. On chromosome 14, TSHR genetic variants in intron 1 could conceivably help explain past findings relating familial atypical thyroid function and male homosexuality. Furthermore, skewed X chromosome inactivation has been found in the thyroid condition, Graves’ disease, as well as in mothers of homosexual men. On pericentromeric chromosome 8 within our previously reported linkage peak, we found support (p = 4.1 × 10−3) for a SNP association previously reported (rs77013977, p = 7.1 × 10−8), with the combined analysis yielding p = 6.7 × 10−9, i.e., a genome-wide significant association.
關鍵詞Behavioural genetics, Human behaviour, GWAS, Male sexual orientation, Neuronal function
來源scientific reports
連結https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-15736-4

What Genetics Is Teaching Us About Sexuality

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0014
作者Steven M. Phelps and Robbee Wedow
題目What Genetics Is Teaching Us About Sexuality
日期20190829
簡介As researchers in biology and sociology who are also gay men, we have long wondered (and debated) whether sexual orientation has any biological basis. We followed the ascent in the 1990s of the “gay gene” finding — which claimed that male sexual orientation was linked to specific DNA markers — and then watched as that result was called into question. We have wondered whether the two of us, who differ in so many ways, could really trace our common identity to a shared biology.
關鍵詞Sexual orientation, Biological basis, Gay gene, DNA, Cultural and social context
來源The New York Times
連結https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/29/opinion/genetics-sexual-orientation-study.html

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0013
作者Niklas Långström, Qazi Rahman, Eva Carlström & Paul Lichtenstein 
題目Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden
日期20080607
簡介There is still uncertainty about the relative importance of genes and environments on human sexual orientation. One reason is that previous studies employed self-selected, opportunistic, or small population-based samples. We used data from a truly population-based 2005–2006 survey of all adult twins (20–47 years) in Sweden to conduct the largest twin study of same-sex sexual behavior attempted so far. We performed biometric modeling with data on any and total number of lifetime same-sex sexual partners, respectively. The analyses were conducted separately by sex. Twin resemblance was moderate for the 3,826 studied monozygotic and dizygotic same-sex twin pairs. Biometric modeling revealed that, in men, genetic effects explained .34–.39 of the variance, the shared environment .00, and the individual-specific environment .61–.66 of the variance. Corresponding estimates among women were .18–.19 for genetic factors, .16–.17 for shared environmental, and 64–.66 for unique environmental factors. Although wide confidence intervals suggest cautious interpretation, the results are consistent with moderate, primarily genetic, familial effects, and moderate to large effects of the nonshared environment (social and biological) on same-sex sexual behavior.
關鍵詞Sexual behavior, Sexual orientation, Population, Twin study
來源Springer Link
連結https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0012
作者Khytam Dawood, J. Michael Bailey, and Nicholas G. Martin
題目Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation
日期2009
簡介The primary focus of this chapter is to provide an overview of the evidence to date on the quantitative genetics of sexual orientation, including family and twin studies. The bulk of the available evidence suggests moderate heritability for male sexual orientation. Female sexual orientation has been studied much less extensively, but current studies are consistent with a genetic contribution for women as well. Familial aggregation has been reported in several family studies of both male and female homosexuality, although the genetic and environmental influences on this familial clustering have not been clearly defined by the largest twin studies published thus far, which have produced contradictory results. Recent molecular genetic studies will also be reviewed, including the two main strategies that have been used to date – linkage and association analysis. We will also discuss the implications of recent advances in molecular genetic studies.
關鍵詞Sexual Orientation. Affect Sibling Pair, Male Homosexuality, Childhood Gender Nonconformity, Mail Sexual Orientation
來源Springer Link
連結https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-76727-7_19

Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0011
作者Andrea Ganna, Karin J. H. Verweij, Michel G. Nivard, Robert Maier, Robbee Wedow, Alexander S. Busch, Abdel Abdellaoui, Shengru Guo, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, 23andMe Research Team, Paul Lichtenstein, Sebastian Lundström, Niklas Långström, Adam Auton, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Gary W. Beecham, Eden R. Martin, Alan R. Sanders, John R. B. Perry, Benjamin M. Neale, Brendan P. Zietsch
題目Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior
日期20190830
簡介Twin studies and other analyses of inheritance of sexual orientation in humans has indicated that same-sex sexual behavior has a genetic component. Previous searches for the specific genes involved have been underpowered and thus unable to detect genetic signals. Ganna et al. perform a genome-wide association study on 493,001 participants from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden to study genes associated with sexual orientation. They find multiple loci implicated in same-sex sexual behavior indicating that, like other behavioral traits, nonheterosexual behavior is polygenic.
關鍵詞Sexual orientation, Genetic component, Same-sex sexual behavior, Polygenic, Twin studies
來源Science
連結https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat7693

The gay gene myth has been exploded

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0010
作者Paul Sullins
題目The gay gene myth has been exploded
日期20190903
簡介The findings of a study of the genetic basis of homosexuality published last week in the journal Science explode the false narrative that being gay is an innate condition that is controlled or largely compelled by one’s genetic makeup. The study found that a person’s developmental environment–the influence of diet, family, friends, neighbourhood, religion, and a host of other life conditions–was twice as influential as genetics on the probability of adopting same-sex behaviour or orientation. The genetic influence did not come from one or two strong sources but from dozens of genetic variants that each added a small increased propensity for same-sex behaviour.
關鍵詞Genetic basis, Homosexuality, Developmental environment, Same-sex behaviour, Study
來源Mercatornet
連結https://mercatornet.com/the-gay-gene-myth-has-been-exploded/24683/#

What? I thought I was born gay!

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0009
作者David Pickup
題目What? I thought I was born gay! 
日期20190903
簡介Research, published last week in Science, evidently a reasonably accurate study completed by many credible scientists, has concluded that the results show there is “no single gay gene.” But the researchers and the political activists have not wasted a second of time in reporting that both genetics and emotional environment are still “likely” to play a role in causation. In other words, they are saying “we don’t really know what causes homosexual behavior, but it must be true that genes and environment make people gay.”
關鍵詞Homosexuality, Genes, Environment, Same-sex behavior, Research
來源Mercatornet
連結https://mercatornet.com/what-i-thought-i-was-born-gay/24684/

Genome studies must account for history

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0008
作者Sarah S. Richardson, Alexander Borsa, Marion Boulicault, Jonathan Galka, Nayanika Chosh, Annika Gompers, Nicole E. Noll, Meg Perret, Meredith W. Reiches, Juana C. Becerra Sandoval, Heather Shattuck-Heidorn, Joseph Vitti, Brianna Weir, and Helen Zhao
題目Genome studies must account for history
日期20191220
簡介In their Research Article “Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior”, A. Ganna et al. found that prevalence of same-sex experience in the UK Biobank population increased four-fold across study participants’ birth years, and prevalence in the younger, self-selecting 23andMe consumer population was 6 times that of UK Biobank. The authors treat single nucleotide polymorphisms identified in these populations as ahistorical components of the “architecture of same-sex sexual behavior.” We question the generalizability of their findings. Political context and stigmatization of homosexuality affects whether people engage in and/or report same-sex behavior. Historical conditions such as decriminalization of homosexuality in 1967 and legalization of marriage equality in 2013 and 2014 instigated substantial shifts in reporting of same-sex orientations.
關鍵詞Genetic, Sociocultural, Same-sex sexual behavior, Homosexuality, Survey
來源Knowledia
連結https://news.knowledia.com/US/en/articles/genome-studies-must-account-for-history-debb0b9044a091d63ba110913dd26decd3e7f069