失聰女同志借「聾種」產嬰

範疇(C) 性教育 8. 道德討論
編號C80016
作者NIL
題目失聰女同志借「聾種」產嬰
日期20020409
簡介美國馬里蘭州一對同是失聰的女同性戀人,利用人工受孕手術,在一名男性友人協助下誕下了一名男嬰。然而她們竟然刻意利用控制基因和「設計嬰兒」的技術,令這名男嬰一生下來也和她們一模一樣是失聰的。
關鍵詞美國, 失聰, 同性戀, 人工受孕, 控制基因
來源星島日報
連結NIL

Sexual Orientation in a U.S. National Sample of Twin and Nontwin Sibling Pairs

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0016
作者Kenneth S. Kendler, Laura M. Thornton, Stephen E. Gilman, and Ronald C. Kessler
題目Sexual Orientation in a U.S. National Sample of Twin and Nontwin Sibling Pairs
日期20001101
簡介Although previous studies have suggested that sexual orientation is influenced by familial factors, which may be partly genetic, these studies have relied on unrepresentative and potentially biased samples. The authors attempted to estimate the role of genetic and environmental factors in the determination of sexual orientation in a more representative sample. 
關鍵詞Sexual Orientation, Genetic factors, Environmental factors, Twin pairs, Nontwin sibling pairs
來源The American Journal of Psychiatry
連結https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1843?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed

Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0015
作者Alan R. Sanders, Gary W. Beecham, Shengru Guo, Khytam Dawood, Gerulf Rieger, Judith A. Badner, Elliot S. Gershon, Ritesha S. Krishnappa, Alana B. Kolundzija, Jubao Duan, MGS Collaboration, Pablo V. Gejman, J. Michael Bailey & Eden R. Martin
題目Genome-Wide Association Study of Male Sexual Orientation
日期20171207
簡介Family and twin studies suggest that genes play a role in male sexual orientation. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of male sexual orientation on a primarily European ancestry sample of 1,077 homosexual men and 1,231 heterosexual men using Affymetrix single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. We identified several SNPs with p < 10−5, including regions of multiple supporting SNPs on chromosomes 13 (minimum p = 7.5 × 10−7) and 14 (p = 4.7 × 10−7). The genes nearest to these peaks have functions plausibly relevant to the development of sexual orientation. On chromosome 13, SLITRK6 is a neurodevelopmental gene mostly expressed in the diencephalon, which contains a region previously reported as differing in size in men by sexual orientation. On chromosome 14, TSHR genetic variants in intron 1 could conceivably help explain past findings relating familial atypical thyroid function and male homosexuality. Furthermore, skewed X chromosome inactivation has been found in the thyroid condition, Graves’ disease, as well as in mothers of homosexual men. On pericentromeric chromosome 8 within our previously reported linkage peak, we found support (p = 4.1 × 10−3) for a SNP association previously reported (rs77013977, p = 7.1 × 10−8), with the combined analysis yielding p = 6.7 × 10−9, i.e., a genome-wide significant association.
關鍵詞Behavioural genetics, Human behaviour, GWAS, Male sexual orientation, Neuronal function
來源scientific reports
連結https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-15736-4

What Genetics Is Teaching Us About Sexuality

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0014
作者Steven M. Phelps and Robbee Wedow
題目What Genetics Is Teaching Us About Sexuality
日期20190829
簡介As researchers in biology and sociology who are also gay men, we have long wondered (and debated) whether sexual orientation has any biological basis. We followed the ascent in the 1990s of the “gay gene” finding — which claimed that male sexual orientation was linked to specific DNA markers — and then watched as that result was called into question. We have wondered whether the two of us, who differ in so many ways, could really trace our common identity to a shared biology.
關鍵詞Sexual orientation, Biological basis, Gay gene, DNA, Cultural and social context
來源The New York Times
連結https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/29/opinion/genetics-sexual-orientation-study.html

Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0013
作者Niklas Långström, Qazi Rahman, Eva Carlström & Paul Lichtenstein 
題目Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden
日期20080607
簡介There is still uncertainty about the relative importance of genes and environments on human sexual orientation. One reason is that previous studies employed self-selected, opportunistic, or small population-based samples. We used data from a truly population-based 2005–2006 survey of all adult twins (20–47 years) in Sweden to conduct the largest twin study of same-sex sexual behavior attempted so far. We performed biometric modeling with data on any and total number of lifetime same-sex sexual partners, respectively. The analyses were conducted separately by sex. Twin resemblance was moderate for the 3,826 studied monozygotic and dizygotic same-sex twin pairs. Biometric modeling revealed that, in men, genetic effects explained .34–.39 of the variance, the shared environment .00, and the individual-specific environment .61–.66 of the variance. Corresponding estimates among women were .18–.19 for genetic factors, .16–.17 for shared environmental, and 64–.66 for unique environmental factors. Although wide confidence intervals suggest cautious interpretation, the results are consistent with moderate, primarily genetic, familial effects, and moderate to large effects of the nonshared environment (social and biological) on same-sex sexual behavior.
關鍵詞Sexual behavior, Sexual orientation, Population, Twin study
來源Springer Link
連結https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0012
作者Khytam Dawood, J. Michael Bailey, and Nicholas G. Martin
題目Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sexual Orientation
日期2009
簡介The primary focus of this chapter is to provide an overview of the evidence to date on the quantitative genetics of sexual orientation, including family and twin studies. The bulk of the available evidence suggests moderate heritability for male sexual orientation. Female sexual orientation has been studied much less extensively, but current studies are consistent with a genetic contribution for women as well. Familial aggregation has been reported in several family studies of both male and female homosexuality, although the genetic and environmental influences on this familial clustering have not been clearly defined by the largest twin studies published thus far, which have produced contradictory results. Recent molecular genetic studies will also be reviewed, including the two main strategies that have been used to date – linkage and association analysis. We will also discuss the implications of recent advances in molecular genetic studies.
關鍵詞Sexual Orientation. Affect Sibling Pair, Male Homosexuality, Childhood Gender Nonconformity, Mail Sexual Orientation
來源Springer Link
連結https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-76727-7_19

How many genes does it take to make a person?

範疇(C) 性教育 3. 性別理論
編號C30029
作者Sean Nee
題目How many genes does it take to make a person?
日期20161019
簡介As researchers devise new ways to count not just the genes an organism has, but also the ones it has that are superfluous, there’s a clear convergence between the number of genes in what we’ve always thought of as the simplest lifeforms – viruses – and the most complex – us. It’s time to rethink the question of how the complexity of an organism is reflected in its genome.
關鍵詞Genes, Microbiology, Human genome, Viruses, Bacterial biofilm
來源The Conversation
連結https://theconversation.com/how-many-genes-does-it-take-to-make-a-person-64284

Not just about sex: throughout our bodies, thousands of genes act differently in men and women

範疇(C) 性教育 3. 性別理論
編號C30028
作者Jenny Graves
題目Not just about sex: throughout our bodies, thousands of genes act differently in men and women
日期20171101
簡介Most of us are familiar with the genetic differences between men and women. But a recent paper claims that beyond just genes on X and Y, a full third of our genome is behaving very differently in men and women. These new data pose challenges for science, medicine and maybe even gender equity.
關鍵詞Genetic differences, Research paper, Men and Women, Gender equity, Sexual stereotypes
來源The Conversation
連結https://theconversation.com/amp/not-just-about-sex-throughout-our-bodies-thousands-of-genes-act-differently-in-men-and-women-86613

Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0011
作者Andrea Ganna, Karin J. H. Verweij, Michel G. Nivard, Robert Maier, Robbee Wedow, Alexander S. Busch, Abdel Abdellaoui, Shengru Guo, J. Fah Sathirapongsasuti, 23andMe Research Team, Paul Lichtenstein, Sebastian Lundström, Niklas Långström, Adam Auton, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Gary W. Beecham, Eden R. Martin, Alan R. Sanders, John R. B. Perry, Benjamin M. Neale, Brendan P. Zietsch
題目Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior
日期20190830
簡介Twin studies and other analyses of inheritance of sexual orientation in humans has indicated that same-sex sexual behavior has a genetic component. Previous searches for the specific genes involved have been underpowered and thus unable to detect genetic signals. Ganna et al. perform a genome-wide association study on 493,001 participants from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden to study genes associated with sexual orientation. They find multiple loci implicated in same-sex sexual behavior indicating that, like other behavioral traits, nonheterosexual behavior is polygenic.
關鍵詞Sexual orientation, Genetic component, Same-sex sexual behavior, Polygenic, Twin studies
來源Science
連結https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aat7693

The gay gene myth has been exploded

範疇(D) 同性戀研究 1.ii. 科學研究.原因
編號D1ii0010
作者Paul Sullins
題目The gay gene myth has been exploded
日期20190903
簡介The findings of a study of the genetic basis of homosexuality published last week in the journal Science explode the false narrative that being gay is an innate condition that is controlled or largely compelled by one’s genetic makeup. The study found that a person’s developmental environment–the influence of diet, family, friends, neighbourhood, religion, and a host of other life conditions–was twice as influential as genetics on the probability of adopting same-sex behaviour or orientation. The genetic influence did not come from one or two strong sources but from dozens of genetic variants that each added a small increased propensity for same-sex behaviour.
關鍵詞Genetic basis, Homosexuality, Developmental environment, Same-sex behaviour, Study
來源Mercatornet
連結https://mercatornet.com/the-gay-gene-myth-has-been-exploded/24683/#